Немно́го о языке́ 7.6 В пиццери́и "Вене́ция"
To Give (дава́ть / дать) and to Take (брать / взять)
The verb дава́ть is a regular first conjugation verb, which conjugates like вста-ва-ть and препода-ва-ть which you learned in Unit 5. In these verbs the -ва- drops out, leaving the stem in дай- . The perfective partner for дава́ть is дать, another of Russian’s four completely irregular verbs. You will notice that its conjugation shares some features with the verb есть.
| Infinitive | дава́ть | дать |
|---|---|---|
| Stem: | дай- | |
| я | даю́ | дам |
| ты | даёшь | дашь |
| он/она́ | даёт | даст |
| мы | даём | дади́м |
| вы | даёте | дади́те |
| они́ | даю́т | даду́т |
| Past | дава́л | дал |
| дава́ла | дала́ | |
| дава́ло | да́ло | |
| дава́ли | да́ли |
The verb брать is a regular first conjugation verb with the stem: бер-. Its perfective partner is the first conjugation verb взять with a stem: возьм-. Both бер- and возьм- take stressed endings.
Упражне́ние 1
Listen to these sentences and note whether the person is giving or taking the object and whether the action is happening in the present or the future.
Noticing the Difference Between сказа́ть and расска́зать
In their interactions with Russians, Tony and Josh are asked the following questions.
| Скажи́, кем вы хоти́те стать. |
| Расскажи́, кака́я ра́зница ме́жду Росси́ей и Аме́рикой. |
The questions are both introduced by commands that could be translated in English as "Tell (me)." So, what is the difference between cкажи́ and the related расскажи́? Consider which question is likely to require the longer answer. Скажи́(те) is likely to introduce a question that requires just a word or a sentence length answer. Расскажи́(те) is likely to introduce a question that requires a longer answer with several paragraphs, or a story, or a detailed explanation.
Упражне́ние 2
Read the situation and indicate whether you would use the verb сказа́ть or the verb рассказа́ть in the given context.